Astronomical phenomena may be counted among the earliest subjects to have invited curious human beings to contemplate them in the silence and solitude of the night. Many people mixed phenomena they could not understand with superstition. Alongside them, many Iranian scholars—as history attests—worked hard to reject or refute such superstitions. Iran can be regarded as one of the important historical centres of this science. One of astronomy's clearest expressions in Iran can be found in Iranian culture, particularly in the poetry of the country's great literary figures.
Examining their works shows that these scholars and poets, although sometimes accepting certain superstitions unquestioningly, also tried explicitly or implicitly to correct mistaken ideas. Among them were Abu Rayhan al-Biruni, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Zakariya al-Razi, and poets including Hafez, Saadi, Sanai, Khaqani, and Nizami.
Hafez incorporated astronomical ideas and imagery into his work in ways suggesting familiarity with the traditional science of hay'at (astronomy/cosmography), alongside his literary learning. The original article gives a series of examples. [source]
Rejecting astrology: In verses challenging fortune-telling, Hafez says, in effect, to ask one's own eyes what causes one's suffering rather than blaming fate or the stars; elsewhere he warns against attributing good and bad fortune to the influence of Venus and Saturn.